By: Adolfo Leon Vilcapoma Ignacio (*)
law principles are axiological statements or propositions that are based or bases, legislation, interpretation and integration of legal norms. That is, the principles of the legislature provides guidelines axiological criteria guiding the creation of just laws at national e internacionales. En cuanto a la interpretación jurídica, los jueces recurren a los principios del derecho cuando tienen que interpretar leyes que muchas veces se contradicen o cuando encuentran vacíos en la norma jurídica de acciones y hechos jurídicos que se evidencian en la realidad misma, o sea, cuando no encuentran la tipicidad de los comportamientos o hechos jurídicos, en ese trance el juez o los jueces se vale de los principios para colmar los vacíos legales en el ordenamiento jurídico, optimizando el derecho, mediante el cálculo o ponderando en caso que los principios colisionan; en otros términos, los jueces realizan una operación de integración del derecho usando principios axiológicos en los casos it has gaps or loopholes in the legal rules often do not allow to give a fair decision in favor of the defendants.
Thus, the principles involved in the formulation of new laws and court decisions in law, also in administrative decisions when there are gaps or concerns in the interpretation of legal standards used to integrate moral rights decisions of the agents of law also operates as a method of legal integration.
law principles are to close the loopholes that the interpretation of the rules, since the principles contribute as a technique for the operation of judicial decisions, because that is its primary function, both legal or regulatory standards and the level of principles, the first when there are gaps and contradictions and the second when two or more principles collide in the latter you have to weigh or measure the degree of value of the principles, priority course of justice.
also necessary to quote Professor Marcial Rubio, "The general principles of law are concepts or propositions axiological or technical nature, that inform the structure, mode of operation and content of standards, regulatory groups, sub joint sets and the law itself as a whole. Can be collected or not the legislation but we are not not preclude the existence or operation "as propositions are formulations of human thought axiological order, as it is of value judgments of what should be and not judgments made, so that direct forms of legal interpretation, if voids or gaps in the statute, by assessing each of the principles that are grounded on the process and their judicial decisions, too, the principles of law can be considered as concepts, wit: the concept of justice, freedom, equality, etc.
addition, the principles of law are considered "... legal integration method recognized by law theory ..." in this aspect as a method of early role as an optimization technique of judicial decisions in particular in "hard cases" to resolve gaps in or loopholes, or existing laws, but they collide, for example, a provision of a local or regional government collides with another national standard, or at least a general norm collides with a specific rule in this situation, obviously demand the application of the principles of law, for example, "the special standard premium the general rule. "
We ask what are the principles and what they are, we can answer this question with the assertion Prieto Sanchis, who tells us that "... the principles are the primary rules to discipline directly call an assumption of fact or any represent a secondary rule that allows or helps to make sense of another statutory provision limiting or extending their linguistic meaning or zero if it is completely incompatible with the sense of principle. " So in that sense the principles and primary rules routed to an alleged factual situation, prioritizing goals justice and the principles involved as secondary standard to give the sense of other legal rules exist between logical consistency.
(*) Advocate
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